:root{--ink:#18232c;--muted:#5d6870;--blue:#125a78;--rule:#dce2e6;--paper:#fff;--wash:#f3f6f8;--orange:#a65424;color-scheme:light;font-size:16px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:92px}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-family:'Malgun Gothic','Apple SD Gothic Neo',sans-serif;line-height:1.9}a{color:var(--blue);text-underline-offset:4px}button,a{touch-action:manipulation}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #cc6b32;outline-offset:5px}.skip{position:fixed;left:20px;top:-80px;z-index:30;padding:10px;background:white}.skip:focus{top:12px}.topbar{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:rgba(255,255,255,.97);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.bar-inner{max-width:1400px;margin:auto;padding:16px 44px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.brand{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em}.mark{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,7px);gap:3px;padding:8px;background:var(--blue)}.mark i{display:block;width:7px;height:7px;border:1px solid white}.bar-actions{display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;font-size:14px}.bar-actions a{text-decoration:none}.print{font:inherit;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid #bac5cc;background:white;padding:6px 14px;cursor:pointer}.layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:210px minmax(0,900px);gap:68px;max-width:1268px;margin:auto;padding:52px 40px 90px}.sidebar{position:sticky;top:105px;align-self:start;font-size:14px}.toc-label{text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.12em;font-size:12px;margin:0 0 18px}.sidebar nav{display:grid;gap:4px}.sidebar nav a{display:block;border-left:2px solid transparent;padding:7px 12px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;line-height:1.5}.sidebar nav a:hover,.sidebar nav a[aria-current='location']{color:var(--blue);border-color:var(--blue);background:#f2f7fa}.sidebar-note{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}.mobile-toc{display:none}article{min-width:0}.kicker{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--blue);font-weight:700;margin:0 0 18px}.paper-title{font-family:'Batang','Songti SC',serif;font-size:clamp(30px,3.2vw,43px);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 18px;word-break:keep-all}.subtitle{font-size:19px;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 22px;word-break:keep-all}.en-title{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6;max-width:780px}.metadata{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 20px;font-size:13px;margin:25px 0 26px;color:var(--muted)}.metadata span+span{border-left:1px solid var(--rule);padding-left:20px}.draft-note{font-size:14px;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:12px 17px;background:var(--wash);line-height:1.8;margin-bottom:32px}.article-header{border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink);padding-bottom:4px}.section{scroll-margin-top:95px;margin-top:54px}.section h2{font-size:24px;line-height:1.55;letter-spacing:-.03em;margin:0 0 23px}.section-number{font:15px Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:.05em;color:var(--blue);display:inline-block;margin-right:15px;vertical-align:middle}.section h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;margin:32px 0 12px}.section p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;margin:0 0 18px;word-break:keep-all;overflow-wrap:break-word}.abstract{margin-top:33px}.abstract h2{font-size:18px;letter-spacing:.08em}.abstract p{font-size:17px}.keywords{font-size:13px!important;color:var(--muted);padding-top:10px}.keywords b{font-weight:600;margin-right:14px;color:var(--ink)}.result-lead{margin-top:25px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:24px;padding:23px 0}.result-lead div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--rule);padding-left:24px}.result-lead span{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.result-lead strong{display:block;font:700 28px Georgia,serif;margin:5px 0;color:var(--blue)}.result-lead small{font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;display:block}figure{margin:32px 0 35px;padding:16px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}figure img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}figcaption{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin-top:15px}figcaption b{color:var(--ink);margin-right:7px}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin:24px 0 8px;scrollbar-width:thin}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}caption{text-align:left;font-size:14px;padding-bottom:12px;color:var(--muted)}caption b{color:var(--ink);margin-right:7px}th{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);text-align:left;font-weight:600;padding:13px 10px;background:#f7f9fa;white-space:normal}td{padding:13px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);vertical-align:top}tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}tbody tr.emphasis{background:#eef5f8}td.num,th.num{text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}.table-note{font-size:13px!important;color:var(--muted);margin-top:11px!important;line-height:1.8!important}.equation{background:#f6f8fa;padding:20px 22px;position:relative;overflow-x:auto;margin:22px 0;color:#153b50;border-left:2px solid #b0c5d0}.equation .expr{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:19px;line-height:2;display:block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:30px}.eq-no{position:absolute;right:13px;top:15px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.method-flow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:10px;margin:28px 0}.flow-step{border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:15px 12px;background:var(--wash)}.flow-step span{font:14px Georgia,serif;color:var(--blue)}.flow-step b{display:block;font-size:15px;margin:7px 0}.flow-step p{font-size:13px;margin:0;line-height:1.8}.callout{border-left:3px solid var(--orange);padding:16px 20px;background:#fff7f2;margin:24px 0}.callout p{font-size:16px;margin:0}.article-list{padding-left:24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.9}.article-list li{padding-left:5px;margin:12px 0}.refs{list-style:none;padding:0;counter-reset:ref}.refs li{counter-increment:ref;padding-left:35px;position:relative;font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;margin:20px 0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.refs li:before{content:'[' counter(ref) ']';position:absolute;left:0;color:var(--muted)}.cite{font-size:.78em;vertical-align:super;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.data-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin:22px 0}.data-links a{border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:10px 14px;font-size:14px;text-decoration:none;background:white}.data-links a:hover{border-color:var(--blue)}footer{margin-top:64px;padding-top:22px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;line-height:1.8}.reading-progress{height:2px;background:var(--blue);transform-origin:left;transform:scaleX(0);position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:0;right:0}.download-note{font-size:14px!important;color:var(--muted)}
@media(min-width:1600px){.layout{gap:90px;max-width:1360px;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,930px)}}
@media(max-width:1000px){.layout{grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px;padding:36px 28px}.bar-inner{padding:14px 28px}.sidebar nav a{padding-left:9px}.paper-title{font-size:33px}.result-lead{gap:16px}.result-lead div+div{padding-left:16px}.method-flow{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}
@media(max-width:760px){html{scroll-padding-top:85px}.layout{display:block;padding:25px 22px 55px}.sidebar{display:none}.mobile-toc{display:block;margin:0 0 28px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:14px;padding-bottom:12px}.mobile-toc summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}.mobile-toc nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px;padding:14px 0}.mobile-toc a{text-decoration:none}.bar-inner{padding:11px 20px;gap:10px}.brand{font-size:12px;gap:8px}.bar-actions{gap:12px;font-size:13px}.bar-actions .data-action{display:none}.print{padding:6px 9px}.paper-title{font-size:30px;line-height:1.55}.subtitle{font-size:17px}.en-title{font-size:15px}.metadata{gap:8px 13px}.metadata span+span{padding-left:13px}.section{margin-top:42px}.section h2{font-size:22px}.section p,.abstract p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.95}.result-lead{gap:10px;padding:20px 0}.result-lead div+div{padding-left:10px}.result-lead strong{font-size:23px}.result-lead span,.result-lead small{font-size:12px}.method-flow{gap:10px}.table-wrap table{min-width:600px}.table-wrap.small-table table{min-width:450px}.draft-note{font-size:13px}figure{margin-top:24px}.equation .expr{font-size:17px}.section-number{margin-right:10px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
@media print{@page{size:A4;margin:20mm 18mm}body{font-family:'Batang',serif;color:#000;background:#fff;font-size:10.5pt}.topbar,.sidebar,.mobile-toc,.skip,.data-links,.download-note{display:none!important}.layout{display:block;max-width:none;padding:0;margin:0}.article-header{padding:0}.paper-title{font-size:23pt;line-height:1.5}.subtitle{font-size:12pt}.en-title{font-size:10pt}.metadata,.draft-note{font-size:9pt}.section{margin-top:24pt}.section h2{font-size:15pt;break-after:avoid}.section h3{font-size:11pt;break-after:avoid}.section p,.abstract p{font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.85;orphans:3;widows:3}.section p{word-break:normal}.result-lead strong{font-size:19pt}figure{break-inside:avoid;margin:18pt 0}figure img{max-height:150mm;object-fit:contain}figcaption,caption,.table-note{font-size:9pt!important}table{font-size:9pt}.table-wrap{overflow:visible}.table-wrap table{min-width:0!important}th,td{padding:7pt 5pt}thead{display:table-header-group}tr{break-inside:avoid}.equation,.callout,.flow-step{break-inside:avoid}.equation .expr{font-size:12pt}.article-list,.refs li{font-size:10pt}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.refs a{text-decoration:underline}.draft-note,.flow-step,.equation,.callout{background:#f6f6f6;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;print-color-adjust:exact}footer{margin-top:25pt;font-size:9pt}}

/* Visible rain method inside manuscript section 6.4. */
#rain-soiling{scroll-margin-top:105px}.section .rain-subhead{font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:28px 0 12px}.rain-method .flow-step p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.85}.rain-method .flow-step b{font-size:14px}

/* No manual cleaning analysis */
#no-cleaning{scroll-margin-top:105px}.no-cleaning-details{margin:24px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:14px 0}.no-cleaning-details summary{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer}.no-cleaning-details[open] summary{margin-bottom:16px}
